الرئيسية
A cost – Effective – Solution for water disinfection/ sterilization and pathogen control in achieving safe drinking water
Microbial contamination of drinking water contributes to disease outbreaks and background rates of disease in developed and developing countries worldwide. Control of waterborne disease is an important element of public health policy and an objective of the water supply authorities.
The united nations (UN) has expressed its commitment to reduce by half the over billion people living without access to safe drinking / potable water by 2015. As a result, interventions to treat and maintain the microbial quality of water at the house hold level are among the most premising of these undertakings. To this the world health organizations (who) has developed a series of expert reviews covering various aspects of microbial water quality and health issues, as well as "guidelines for drinking – water quality". These guidelines provide an internationally harmonized basis to help countries to develop standards, regulations and norms that are appropriate to natural and local circumstances.
Contamination of drinking – water by microbial pathogens can cause a disease, and there are many treatments options for eliminations pathogens from drinking – water, finding the right solution for a particular supply involves choosing from a range of processes to ensure the production of high quality drinking – water. Choosing the appropriate treatment is normally based on the raw water quality, pathogen concentrations in drinking – water, assessing the ability of treatment processes to achieve health – based water safety targets and identifying control measures in process operation.
In general, many of the processes for removal of microbes from water include pre-treatment, such as coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation, as well as filtration. Pre-treatment can broadly be defined as any process to modify microbial water quality before or at the entry to the treatment plant. Application of the pre-treatment process include removal of algal cells, high levels of turbidity, viruses and protozoan cysts.
For conventional treatment processes, chemical coagulation is critical for effective removal of microbial pathogens including bacteria, viruses and protozoa. For waters with high levels of algae, care must be taken to remove organisms without disrupting the cells, which many release liver or nerve toxins. dissolved air flotation can be particularly effective for removal of algal cells and cryptosporidium, while lime softening can provide good microbial treatment through a combination of inactivation by high (pH) and removal by sedimentation.
Oxidants may be added to water for a variety of purposes, such as control of taste and odor compounds, removal of iron and manganese and removal of particles. For microbial pathogens, application of strong oxidizing compounds such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide or ozone will act as disinfectants, inactivating microbial cells through a variety of chemical pathways. Principal factors that influence inactivation efficiency of these agents are the disinfectant concentration, contact time, temperature and (PH). In applying disinfectants, it is important to take into account data on CT ( disinfectant concentration {C} multiplied by the contact time {T} for the specific disinfectant). Ultraviolet light (UV) inactivates microorganisms through reactions with microbial nucleic acids and is particularly effective for control of cryptosporidium.
Finally for control of microbes within the distribution system, disinfectants must interact with bacteria growing in pipeline biofilms contaminating the system and this is called "secondary disinfection". factors important in secondary disinfection include disinfectant stability and transport into biofilms, disinfectant type and residual, type of pipe material, corrosion, and several other parameters.
The concept of multiple barriers for water treatment (water originating from highest quality source possible, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and protection of distribution system) are the cornerstones of safe drinking – water production. These barriers are selected so that the removal capabilities of different steps in the treatment process are duplicated. By having multiple barriers means that a failure of one barriers can be compensated for by effective operation of the remaining barriers, minimizing the likelihood that contaminants will pass through the treatment system and harm consumers if these conventional barriers are thought to be inadequate, it may be advisable to consider adding multiple stages of filtration or disinfection.
Most domestic filtration systems have inadequate multiple barrier filtration as well as most of these systems don’t have inadequate disinfection regimes. Even when a disinfection system is added to the domestic filtration ( such as (UV) light ) it's found not to be practical or effective and very costly to say the least. For this reasons, Environment sense – Water Carewater sterilization tablets are an effective and affordable alternative for water disinfection and are usable at household levels, for emergency relief, tourists, as well as in rural and remote areas where ground water wells are the only source of drinking water. However, if possible, it would be advisable to filter the well water prior to using Water Care water sterilization tablets.
Water Care water sterilization tablets can play a remarkable improvements in drinking water quality by killing micro – organisms in water to prevent diarrheal disease such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery, and other water- borne disease, in addition to Water Care tablets being environmentally friendly, they are also
1- Recommended by leading infection control experts worldwide.
2- Safe to handle and store without spillages and leaks.
3- Compact to store and transport, which reduce the cost of storage and transport.
4- Have a great resistance to organic load as it contains 50% free available and 50% combined chlorine, creating an equilibrium.
5- Les toxic and les corrosive than other chlorine compounds.
6- Economic and accurate with exact treatment dosages to prevent under and over dosing.
7- Proven to be effective against virtually all known bacteria, viruses and spores.
8- Have greater biocidal effect as it dissolves quickly in water forming clear disinfecting solution up to (7 PH) and safer for operatives.
9- Have no unpleasant taste, odor or color and iodine free ( non allergic).
10- Safe and in a stable form with a shelf life of (5) years.
11- Release chlorine only when dissolved in water, and after dissolving it releases hypochlorous acid, an active ingredient having biocidal activity against gram positive+ gram negative bacteria, fungi, algae and bacterial spores.